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Biostatistics and Bioinformatics 2020 1. a) What is Bioinformatics? Ans→ Bioinformatics is the use of computational tools and techniques to analyze and interpret biological data such as DNA sequences, protein structures and genetic information. b) Define negative correlation. Ans→ Negative correlation is a statistical relationship where one variable increases while the other data decreases. c) … Read more
Parasite: Parasitism: Host: Definitive Host: Intermediate Host: Reservoir Host: Vector: Endoparasite: Ectoparasite: Obligate Parasite: Facultative Parasite: Intracellular Parasitism: Intercellular Parasitism: Temporary Parasitism (Intermittent): Permanent Parasitism: Brood Parasitism: Kleptoparasitism: Hyperparasitism: Zoonosis: Vector-borne Disease: Life Cycle: Incubation Period: Pathogenesis: Trophozoite: Cyst: Larva: Oocyst: Sporogony: Merogony: Schizogony: Bradyzoite: Tachyzoite: Hypnozoite: Epimastigote: Amastigote: Promastigote: Kinetoplast: Merozoite: Sporozoite: Cercaria: Miracidium: … Read more
Parasitic agents are organisms that live on or in a host, deriving nutrients at the host’s expense. They include protozoa, helminths (worms), and ectoparasites like lice and ticks.
Bioinformatics is the science of collecting, storing, analyzing, and interpreting complex biological data using computational techniques and software tools. It integrates principles from biology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics to facilitate the understanding of biological processes and relationships. Basics of Bioinformatics Goals of Bioinformatics Scope of Bioinformatics Applications of Bioinformatics Limitations of Bioinformatics Biological Databases … Read more
Parental care in fishes is a diverse and fascinating behaviour, exhibiting a wide range of strategies across different species to ensure the survival of their offspring.
The species concepts is a framework to define and distinguish different species. Species Concepts: Here are some of the main species concepts with explanations and examples: Biological Species Concept Definition: A species is a group of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Example: Horses (Equus ferus caballus) and donkeys (Equus africanus … Read more
Answers of long question from PYQ Paper Biostatistics and Bioinformatics of the years 2020, 2021 & 2022 respectively. Biostatistics 2020 3.a) Explain with suitable diagrams how can you correlate outliers with different types of kurtosis. Ans→ Outliers are data points that significantly differ from other observations in a dataset. Correlation of outliers with different types … Read more
Answers of long question from PYQ Paper Animal Physiology of Semester IV of the years 2019, 2021 & 2022 respectively. Animal Physiology 2019 3.a) Schematically describe the phenomenon of chloride shift. “Cl- content of RBCs in venous blood is significantly greater than that of arterial blood” -explain? Ans→ It is the movement of Cl– in … Read more
The complement system is part of the immune system that helps enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens. It consists of a cascade of proteins that can amplify the immune response, leading to inflammation, cell lysis, and opsonization. Complement System Pathways : The complement system can be activated through three main … Read more
Physiology of Respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. It begins with inhalation, where the diaphragm contracts, expanding the chest cavity and drawing air into the lungs. Oxygen is then absorbed into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide is released. 1. Breathing Inspiration (Inhalation): Expiration (Exhalation): 2. External Respiration 3. Transport … Read more
Answers of long question from PYQ Paper Comparative Anatomy of Semester IV of the years 2019, 2021 & 2022 respectively. Comparative Anatomy 2019 3.a) Write about a fundamental plan of the aortic arch in the vertebrate with a diagram. Ans→ The aortic arches are the blood vessels that supply the pharyngeal arches and they serve … Read more
Renal physiology focuses on how the kidneys function to maintain homeostasis in the body. The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain acid-base balance. Key processes include glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Structure of Kidney: A frontal section through the kidney reveals an … Read more