Parasitology PYQ Shorts

Parasitology 2020

1.a) What is parasitoid?

Ans A parasitoid is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and the host. hold leading to the death of

Example: Braconid wasps, Tachinid flies.

b) Write the habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti.

 Ans→ The habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti is within the lymphatic system of the human body & the digestive system of mosquito.

c) Define vector.

Ans→ A vector is an organism that transmits pathogens parasites from one host to another through contact or feeding.

Example: Mosquito, Tsetse fly 

d) What is ectoparasite?

Ans→ An ectoparasite is a type  of parasite that lives on the external surface of its host.

Example: Ticks, lice and fleas.

e) State any one control measure for head louse

Ans→ Using medicated shampoos or lotions specifically designed to kill lice and their egg.

f) What do you mean by wandering parasite? 

Ans→ A wandering parasite is a parasitic organism that moves freely within the host’s body, potentially causing damage as it travels.

g) Write the habitat of Taenia saginata.

Ans→ The habitat of Taenia saginata is the intestines of humans.

h) State any one control measure for tick

Ans→ Application of insecticides or acaricides to areas where ticks are commonly found.

i) What is the name of the causative agent of sleeping sickness.

Ans→ Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

j) What is the vector of Trypanosomiasis disease?  

Ans→ Tsetse fly is the vector of Trypanosomiasis.

k) Which parasite is called urinary blood fluke?

Ans→ Schistosoma haematobium

l) Name the intermediate host of Wuchereria bancrofti. 

Ans→ Mosquito

m) Name one gall forming nematode.

Ans→ Meloidogyne sp. (Root knot nematode) ; Heterodera schachtii (Sugar beet cyst nematode)

n) Name two tick borne diseases.

Ans→ Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

o) Name two diseases transmitted by Xenopsylla 

Ans→ Bubonic plague and Murine typhus

2. a) Define reservoir host with example.

Ans→ A reservoir host is an organism that carries a pathogen without showing symptoms and can transmit it to other organisms.

Example: White footed mouse

b) What is Loffler’s syndrome?

Ans→ Loffler’s syndrome is a transient pulmonary disorder characterised by inflammation of lungs due to hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infection.

c) Mention two symptoms of Giardiasis.

Ans→ (i) Often watery, and foul smelling diarrhoea is a common symptom.

(ii) Individuals with giardiasis may experience abdominal discomfort and cramps.

d) What is facultative parasite with example. 

Ans→ A facultative parasite is an organism that can live either as a parasite or free-living (Independently) depending on environmental conditions or the availability of host.

Example: Cookiecutter shark

e) What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of Leishmania donovani?

Ans→ Definitive host: Humans

Intermediate host: Sand fly

f) Name the larval form of Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti.

Ans→ Larval form of A. duodenale : Filariform larva.

Larval form of W. bancrofti : Microfilariae.

g) Name two drugs used for the treatment of Elephantiasis. 

Ans→ Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), Ivermectin, Albendazole etc.

h) Why nurse cell is formed in Trichinellosis?

Ans→ Nurse cell is formed in Trichinellosis to protect the larva of Trichinella spiralis from the host’s immune system and provide a safe environment for their development and reproduction.

Parasitology 2021

1.a) What is hyperparasitism?

Ans→ Hyperparasitism is when a parasite itself becomes a host to another parasite.

Example: Seen in insects (Wasp)

b) What is rhabditiform larva?

Ans→ Rhabditiform larva is a slender, non-infective form of developmental stage of certain parasitic nematodes.

c) What is gravid proglottid?

Ans→ Gravid proglottid is a segment in the reproductive system of tapeworm that is filled with fertilised eggs.

d) Write down the infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale. 

Ans→ Filariform larva.

e) Write down the intermediate host of Trypanosoma gambiense. Ans→ Tsetse fly

f) Write down any mite-borne disease. 

Ans→ Scabies (Caused by the mite – Sarcoptes scabiei).

g) write down the causative agent of Leishmaniasis

Ans→ Leishmania donovani

h) What is miracidium larva?

Ans→ Miracidium larva is a free-swimming larval stages of certain parasitic trematodes or flukes which actively penetrate the intermediate host.

i) Name one gall forming nematode.

Ans→ Meloidogyne sp.(Root knot nematode).

j) Which parasite is called urinary blood fluke?

Ans→ Schistosoma haematobium

k) What is Loffer’s syndrome?

Ans→ Loffler’s syndrome is a transient pulmonary disorder characterised by inflammation of lungs due to hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infection.

l) Give an example of a facultative parasite.

Ans→ Cookiecutter shark. 

m) What do you mean by paratenic host? 

Ans→ A paratenic host is an intermediate host in which a parasite does not undergo any significant development but can remain alive and infective.

n) Give an example of Hyperparasitism. 

Ans→ Wasp-waisted Apocrita of order Hymenoptera.

o) Write down the scientific name of itch mite. 

Ans→ Sarcoptes scabiei.

2. a) What is zoonosis?

Ans→ Zoonosis refers to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Example: Bird flu, Ebola virus diseases, Rabies 

b) Differentiate between hard tick and soft tick.

Ans→ Some differences between hard tick and soft tick are-

c) Name two diseases transmitted by Xenopsylla

Ans→ Bubonic plague and Murine typhus.

d) What is Propagative and Cyclopropagative development? Ans→ Propagative development refers to the multiplication and replication of pathogens within a host organism, enhancing their ability to spread and cause infection.

Cyclopropagative development involves the life cycle of Pathogen where both asexual and sexual reproduction occur within the host, aiding their transmission and suruval.

d) Compare Male and Female Ascaris.

Ans→ Some differences between a male and female Ascaris are

f) What is copulatory bursa?

Ans→ Copulatory bursa is a specialized structure found im male nematodes like Ascaris worms, used during mating to grasp and hold onto the female during copulation.

g) Name two drugs used for the treatment of Ascariasis.

Ans→ Albendazole & Mebendazole

b) Mention two symptoms of Leishmaniasis.

Ans→ Skin lesions: Leishmaniasis often presents with skin skas sores that may appear as ulcers, nodules or papules at the site of the sand fly bite.

Fever: fever is a common symptom of Leishmaniasis.

Parasitology 2022

1. a) What is the intermediate host of Leishmania donovani?

Ans→ Sand fly (Phlebotomus sp.)

b) Name the lawal form of Ancylostoma duodenale

Ans→ Filariform larva

c) Loffer’s syndrome caused by which parasite? 

Ans→ Ascaris lumbricoides

d) Name one disease transmitted by Xenopsylla

Ans→ Bubonic plague (Transmit by bacterium –Yersinia pestis)

e) Elephantiasis caused by which parasite

Ans→ Wuchereria bancrofti

f) What is amastigote?

Ans→ Amastigote is a stage of the life cycle of certain protozoan parasite (Leishmania donovani), where the parasite is non-motile (lacks flagellum) and replicates inside the host cells.

g) Tick borne disease caused by which parasite? 

Ans→ Bacterium Borrelia burgdoferi caures Lyme disease.

h) Name the rector of Trypanosomiasis

Ans→ Tsetse fly

ⅰ) which parasite named as Urinary blood fluke? 

Ans→ Schistosoma haematobium

j) Name the causative agent of sleeping sickness.

 Ans→ Trypanosoma gambiense

k) What do you mean by wandering parasite?

Ans→ A wandering parasite is a parasitic organism that moves freely within the host’s body, potentially causing damage as it travels.

l) What do you mean by Haematophagy?

Ans→ Haematophagy refers to the feeding behaviour of organisms that consume blood as their primary food source.

m) State any control measure of tick. 

Ans→ Application of insecticides or acaricides to areas where ticks are commonly found.

n) What is parasitoid?

Ans→ A parasitoid is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and the host. hold leading to the death of

Example: Braconid wasps, Tachinid flies.

o) what is giardiasis?

Ans→ Giardiasis is a gastro-intestinal illness or disease caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis having symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea. 

2. a) What do you mean host. by accidental host and paratenic host

Ans→  An accidental host is a species that harbours a parasite unintentionally, often without the parasite complete life cycle.

A paratenic host is a species that carries a parasite without undergoing any development within the host and transfer to its definitive host.

b) Differentiate between lymphangitis and lymphadenitis.

Ans→ Some differences between lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are-

c) what is Copulatory Bursa?

Ans→ Copulatory bursa is a specialised structure found im male nematodes like Ascaris worms, used during mating to grasp and hold onto the female during copulation.

d) Name two drugs used for the treatment of giardiasis.

Ans→ Metronidazole (Flagyl) for the first line treatment and Tinidazole (Tindamax) effective on treating giardiasis.

e) What is Loeffer’s syndrome?

Ans→ Loffler’s syndrome is a transient pulmonary disorder characterised by inflammation of lungs due to hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infection.

f) Why nurse cell is formed in Trichinellosis?

Ans→ Nurse cell is formed in Trichinellosis to protect the larva of Trichinella spiralis from the host’s immune system and provide a safe environment for their development and reproduction.

g) Difference between obligate and facultative parasite.

Ans→ Some differences between obligate and facultative parasite are-

h) Why anemia is common to infection Ancylostoma duodenale ?

Ans→ Anemia is common to Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm) infections because the parasites attach to the linning of the small intestine and feed on blood, leading blood loss, impaired iron absorptions and chronic infection, resulting in anemia.

Parasitology 2023

1. a) What is paratenic host?

Ans→ A paratenic host is an intermediate host in which a parasite does not undergo any significant development but can remain alive and infective.

b) Write the habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti.

Ans→ The habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti is within the lymphatic system of the human body & the digestive system of mosquito.

c) Write the scientific name of two bat species feed solely on blood.

Ans→ Desmodus rotundus (Common Vampire Bat)

Diphylla ecaudata (White-winged vampire bat)

d) Give example of Hyperparasitism.

Ans→ Cyclocotyla bellones is an example of Hyperparasitism found on Ceratothoa parallela which is a parasite of Sparid fish. 

e) What is the infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale?

Ans→ Filariform larva.

f) What is rhabditiform larva?

Ans→ Rhabditiform larva is a slender, non-infective form of developmental stage of certain parasitic nematodes.

g) What is zoonosis?

Ans→ Zoonosis refers to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Example: Bird flu, Ebola virus disease; Rabies

h) Name one gall forming nematode.

Ans→ Meloidogyne sp. (Root knot disease).

i) What is gravid proglottid?

Ans→ Gravid proglottid is a segment in the reproductive system of tapeworm that is filled with fertilised eggs.

j) Name one drug used against the treatment of Leishmaniasis.

Ans→ Miltefosine

k) Give example of a viviparous parasitic nematode.

Ans→ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm).

l) What do you mean by black sickness? 

Ans→ Black sickness or Black fever disease (kala-azar) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis which is a protozoan disease spread by sand fly bites leads discoloration of the skin.

m) Write down the causative agent of lyme disease

Ans→ The causative agent of Lyme disease is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by the bite of infected black-legged ticks(Ixodes scapularis).

n) What is pediculosis ?

Ans→ Pediculosis is an infestation of parasitic lices on the body, typically affecting the scalp (head lice), body. It is characterized by itching and irritation.

o) Give example of facultative parasite.

Ans→ Cookiecutter shark

2. a) What is propagative and cyclopropagative development?

Ans→ Propagative development refers to the multiplication and replication of pathogens within a host organism, enhancing their ability to spread and cause infection.

Cyclopropagative development involves the life cycle of pathogen where both asexual and sexual reproduction occur within the host, aiding their transmission and suruval.

b) How does a soft tick differ from a hard tick biologically?

Ans→ Some differences between soft tick and hard tick are-

 c) Why vampire bat is known as a potent parasitic vertebrate? 

Ans→ Because vampire bats are evolved specialized adaptations for feeding exclusively on blood. They possess razor-sharp incisors and a saliva with anticoagulant (Draculin) properties allowing them to make quick, painless bites and feed blood efficiently.

d) Mention two biological importance of mites.

Ans→ (i) Mites play vital role in ecosystems as decomposers breaking down organic matter like dead plants or animals.

(ii) Some mites species act as pollinators for certain plants.

e) Distinguish between biological vector mechanical vector.

Ans→ Some differences between biological and mechanical vector are-

f) Differentiate between roundworm and flatworm.

Ans→ Some differences between roundworm and flatworm are-

 g) Why Hood Mockingbird known as a parasitic vertebrate?

Ans→ Hood mockingbird (Mimus macdonaldi) are extremely aggressive and curious and have no fear of other animals. They have been known to drink the blood of wounded sea birds, injured birds, sea lions and other animals. So they are known as parasitic vertebrates.

h) Differentiate between the microfilaria larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.

Ans→ Some differences between microfilaria larva of Wuchereria and Brugia are-

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