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Molecular techniques are methods used to analyze and manipulate DNA, RNA, and proteins to study biological processes. • Blot: In molecular biology, blot is a technique for transferring DNA, RNA or proteins onto a carrier or membrane so they can be separated by use of gel electrophoresis. • Probe: A short single stranded DNA which … Read more
Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used for DNA manipulation in genetic engineering and molecular biology. Example: EcoR I, EcoR ll, BamHI, Hind III Nomenclature: Each restriction enzyme is named after the bacterium from which it was isolated, using naming system based on bacterial genus, species and strain. Example: EcoRI Recognition … Read more
Evolutionary Biology 2020 1.a) Define Species. Ans→ Species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Example: Homo sapiens (Human) b) Define mass extinction. Ans→ A mass extinction is an event, where a large number of species become extinct over a relatively short geological time period. c) What are coacervate particles? … Read more
Parasitology 2020 1.a) What is parasitoid? Ans→ A parasitoid is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and the host. hold leading to the death of Example: Braconid wasps, Tachinid flies. b) Write the habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti. Ans→ The habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti is within the lymphatic system of the … Read more
Answers of short question from PYQ of Paper Developmental Biology of Semester VI of the years 2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 respectively. Developmental Biology 2020 1. Answer any ten questions: a) Name two Wnt antagonists which act as head inducer ? Ans→ Chordin and Noggin are the two antagonists that act as a head inducer. … Read more
Mutation: Sudden and abrupt changes to the genetic material of organisms. → Spontaneous change by mutagens that affect on the DNA or the genes or sometimes the complete chromosome. A.) CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION → A parmanent change in the number of chromosome or structure of chromosome of a organisms is called chromosomal mutation. Two types →Variation … Read more
Morphology : 1. Schistosoma haematobium is a parasitic flatworm, belonging to the group of blood flukes. 2. It has a cylindrical body with a distinct oral and ventral sucker. 3. The male and female worms are sexually dimorphic, with the female being larger and longer than the male. 4. The adult worms reside in the … Read more
Late embryonic development is the phase where organs and structures continue to develop and mature in the embryo before birth. Fate of Embryonic layers There are 3 Germ layers – Ectoderm Mesoderm & Endoderm. 1. Ectoderm: 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm: Extra embryonic membrane: There are 4 types of Extra embryonic Membrane: – Amnion, Chorion Allantois … Read more
The study of organisms and populations is a fundamental aspect of ecology, focusing on how individual organisms interact with their environment and how populations of species change over time. Important Highlighted Point of NCERT: Organisms and Populations 1) Various levels of biological organisation– macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs, individual organisms, population, communities, ecosystems and biomes. 2) … Read more
Taenia saginata is also known as beef tapeworm and belongs to Class Cestoda of Phylum Platyhelminthes. General Chracters: Morphology: Life cycle of Taenia saginata: Life cycle of T. saginata completes in two hosts. The definitive host is the human where the adult worm resides and produces eggs. And the intermediate host is the cattle where … Read more
Examples of some Parasitic Vertebrates are Cookiecutter shark, Hood Mockingbird, Vampire Bat etc. Some Parasitic Vertebrates : Cookiecutter Shark General description: 1. Cookiecutter shark has an elongated, cigar shaped body with short rounded snout, having length of 42 cm of males and 56 cm of females. 2. The mouth is short, surrounded by suctorial lips. … Read more
Definition: Spindle shaped fibre like cells having ability to contract in order to produce movement of body parts is called muscle tissue. Structure: Function : Types of Muscle Tissue: 3 types of muscle tissue are there : (I) Striated or Skeletal or Voluntary Muscle : Definition: Long cylindrical, multinucleate cells generally attached with skeleton and … Read more