Learn it, Get it
Cranial Nerves: Cranial nerves are pair of nerves that are arise from brain and have a sensory or motor function to different parts of head, neck and trunk. There are 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves. Each nerve are numbered according to Roman numeral between I to XII based on the location for from front to … Read more
Fish diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Bacterial diseases include fin rot; viral diseases cause high mortality; protozoan infections, such as Ich, lead to white spots and respiratory issues. Proper management is essential to prevent outbreaks. Some of the Fish Diseases Bacterial Diseases in Fish : Columnaris : • Causative agent: Flexibacter … Read more
Fish scales are small, rigid plates that grow out of the skin of fish. They serve multiple functions such as protection against predators, parasites, and physical damage, and they also help in reducing water resistance when the fish swims. Types of Scales Mainly scales are of 4 types: (i) Placoid scale (ii) Cycloid scale (iii) … Read more
Early embryonic development begins with fertilization, where a sperm cell merges with an egg to form a zygote. The zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage, forming a multicellular structure called a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants itself into the uterine wall, where it differentiates into an inner cell mass (which will become the embryo) and … Read more
Definition: The arrangement of teeth in the upper and lower jaws, mainly on premaxilla, maxilla and dentary bones is called dentition. Teeth evolved from denticles. Absence of Teeth: A typical mammalian tooth can be distinguished mainly into two regions: Crown and Root. There are three kinds of tissues in a typical tooth. They are Enamel, … Read more
Definition: The additional organ which are concerned with respiration other than gills are known as Accessory Respiratory Organ in fish. These organs developed mostly in tropical fresh water fishes to meet the extra demand of O₂ during summer to aestivate over prolonged drought. The accessory respiratory organs in fish are:- 1.) Skin/Integument: Cartain eels like Anguila sp. & Amphipnous sp. and … Read more
Definition: Microscopic, eukaryotic unicellular organism commonly motile heterotrophic having one or more nuclei called protozoa. General Characteristics: 1)Habitat: Protozoans exhibit mainly two forms of life: Free living (aquatic) and parasitic (ecto-endo parasite). 2) Cell size: The body is microscopic and unicellular. 3) Type: They are the simplest and most primitive of all animals. 4) Organisation: … Read more
Class Mammalia comprises warm-blooded vertebrates with characteristics such as hair or fur, mammary glands for feeding young, and three middle ear bones. Mammals include a wide range of species, from humans and whales to bats and rodents, inhabiting diverse environments worldwide. General Characters: 1. Body covering: Body is covered by epidermal hair. 2. Mammary Gland: Mammary glands are present, … Read more
Class Aves includes birds, characterized by feathers, beaks without teeth, and laying hard-shelled eggs. Birds are warm-blooded, have a high metabolic rate, and most species are capable of flight. General characters of Class Aves: 1) Body: Body is spindle shaped divided into head, neck, trunk and tail. Body is covered by feathers, forms the exoskeleton. 2) Fore limbs: Fore … Read more
Class Reptilia comprises a diverse group of cold-blooded vertebrates that includes snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and tuataras. Reptiles are characterized by their scaly skin, which helps prevent water loss, and their ability to lay shelled eggs on land, though some species give live birth. General Characters of Class Reptilia: 1) Habitat: They are inhabitants of terrestrial … Read more
Class Amphibia includes animals that typically have a dual life cycle, with aquatic larval and terrestrial adult stages. They have moist, permeable skin that facilitates gas exchange, and their reproduction generally involves laying eggs in water. Amphibians breathe through gills during their larval stage and through lungs and skin as adults. General Characters of Class … Read more
